{"id":11030,"date":"2021-10-20T00:01:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-19T23:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/?p=11030"},"modified":"2021-10-19T16:14:27","modified_gmt":"2021-10-19T15:14:27","slug":"commerce-et-avenir-de-lalimentation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/index.php\/2021\/10\/20\/commerce-et-avenir-de-lalimentation\/","title":{"rendered":"Commerce et avenir de l\u2019alimentation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ngozi
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, <\/strong>directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019Organisation mondiale du commerce, a \u00e9t\u00e9 ministre des Finances et ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res du Nigeria.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Personne ne peut survivre sans s\u2019alimenter. Or, les syst\u00e8mes alimentaires mondiaux ont aujourd\u2019hui cruellement besoin d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9form\u00e9s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour garantir un acc\u00e8s universel \u00e0 une alimentation ad\u00e9quate, ainsi qu\u2019une durabilit\u00e9 environnementale \u00e0 long terme, nous devons transformer la mani\u00e8re dont nous produisons, traitons, transportons et consommons les produits alimentaires. La Journ\u00e9e mondiale de l\u2019alimentation doit nous faire r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur les moyens d\u2019y parvenir, et nous conduire \u00e0 admettre que le commerce doit faire partie int\u00e9grante de la solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le r\u00e9cent Sommet sur les syst\u00e8mes alimentaires organis\u00e9 par les Nations Unies souligne non seulement la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de r\u00e9formes globales, mais \u00e9galement le r\u00f4le majeur que les gouvernements doivent jouer dans l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du fonctionnement des march\u00e9s de l\u2019alimentaire. Ceci exigera une coop\u00e9ration internationale plus pouss\u00e9e. Comme nous le rappelle la pand\u00e9mie de covid-19, l\u2019action conjointe est essentielle pour permettre \u00e0 tous de vivre une existence digne et en bonne sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les barri\u00e8res au commerce des produits de base, tels que les produits alimentaires et les m\u00e9dicaments, entravent les efforts d\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la nutrition et de la sant\u00e9, mettant ainsi \u00e0 mal les fondements de la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 future. Par opposition, un commerce efficace peut contribuer \u00e0 la lutte contre la faim et la malnutrition, non seulement en permettant l\u2019approvisionnement en produits alimentaires, mais \u00e9galement en cr\u00e9ant des emplois d\u00e9cents et des revenus croissants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019urgence du probl\u00e8me devient ind\u00e9niable. Nous savons d\u00e9sormais que le changement climatique transforme les mod\u00e8les de temp\u00e9ratures et de pr\u00e9cipitations, conduisant \u00e0 des \u00e9v\u00e9nements m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques plus fr\u00e9quents et plus extr\u00eames \u2013 tous potentiellement d\u00e9sastreux pour la production alimentaire. Dans un contexte aussi instable et impr\u00e9visible, les march\u00e9s alimentaires mondiaux font office de bou\u00e9e de sauvetage pour les pays ou r\u00e9gions confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des chocs soudains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un retard certain a d\u2019ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 pris. En 2015, le monde adoptait les Objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable, dont l\u2019ODD n\u00b02 visant \u00e0 mettre un terme \u00e0 la faim dans le monde, \u00e0 atteindre la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire tout en am\u00e9liorant la nutrition, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 promouvoir une agriculture durable d\u2019ici 2030. Six ans plus tard, nous sommes encore tr\u00e8s loin d\u2019avoir atteint ces objectifs. Au contraire, nous semblons op\u00e9rer un recul, face aux difficult\u00e9s que repr\u00e9sentent la pand\u00e9mie, les ralentissements \u00e9conomiques, les conflits violents, ou encore les chocs li\u00e9s au climat. En effet, la faim et la malnutrition ont significativement augment\u00e9 en 2020 : d\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019ONU, environ 9,9 % de la population mondiale n\u2019a pas pu se nourrir suffisamment l\u2019an dernier, un chiffre en hausse par rapport aux 8,4 % de 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour inverser cette tendance, et faire en sorte que les syst\u00e8mes alimentaires fonctionnent pour tous, comme pour la plan\u00e8te, les gouvernements doivent \u0153uvrer davantage pour actualiser les r\u00e8gles commerciales mondiales. Il leur faut dans le m\u00eame temps abandonner les politiques qui entra\u00eenent un effet de distorsion sur un march\u00e9 alimentaire mondial \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution rapide. \u00c0 titre d\u2019illustration, les gouvernements d\u00e9pensent chaque ann\u00e9e 22 milliards dollars pour maintenir \u00e9conomiquement en vie des flottes de p\u00eache qui ne sont plus viables \u2013 une politique qui contribue \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9puisement des stocks de poisson. Certains programmes de subventions \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture entra\u00eenent des effets similaires sur les march\u00e9s agricoles et alimentaires, effets dont les subventions aux \u00e9nergies fossiles viennent accentuer l\u2019intensit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les gouvernements doivent trouver les moyens d\u2019inverser la tendance du sous-investissement dans les biens publics li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019alimentaire et l\u2019agriculture, en particulier dans les pays \u00e0 revenu faible, tout en am\u00e9lioration l\u2019attribution mondiale des ressources rares. Il leur faut ici tirer parti de l\u2019importance croissante du commerce digital et des service num\u00e9riques au sein des pays pauvres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9fi peut sembler consid\u00e9rable. Pour autant, \u00e0 travers une approche progressive, des avanc\u00e9es sont possibles. Le mois prochain, dans le cadre de la 12e conf\u00e9rence minist\u00e9rielle de l\u2019Organisation mondiale du commerce \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, les ministres du Commerce auront l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9laborer pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment une telle approche, et de prendre d\u2019importantes mesures d\u2019avenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les ministres examineront par exemple les moyens de mettre fin aux subventions nuisibles qui sont vers\u00e9es au secteur de la p\u00eache, lesquelles alimentent la surp\u00eache, la surcapacit\u00e9, et menacent d\u2019extinction certaines esp\u00e8ces. Les \u00c9tats pourraient \u00e9galement convenir d\u2019exempter de restrictions \u00e0 l\u2019exportation les achats d\u2019aide humanitaire alimentaire du Programme alimentaire mondial de l\u2019ONU, rendant ainsi les produits alimentaires plus accessibles pour les pays pauvres de la plan\u00e8te, ainsi que pour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es par un conflit dans leur pays ou par les effets du changement climatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les ministres auront \u00e9galement l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de promouvoir des n\u00e9gociations d\u2019avenir sur un ensemble de questions li\u00e9es aux \u00e9changes commerciaux agricoles, telles que les subventions \u00e9tatiques qui mettent \u00e0 mal le commerce, ou l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s \u00e9trangers. Sur ces diff\u00e9rents points, un accord autour de mesures concr\u00e8tes, et concernant la direction des discussions futures, constituerait une avanc\u00e9e tangible sur la voie de l\u2019avenir alimentaire dont nous avons besoin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Journ\u00e9e mondiale de l\u2019alimentation offre une opportunit\u00e9 majeure de nous rem\u00e9morer comment et pourquoi l\u2019alimentation est si importante pour tous. Mais nous ne devons pas oublier le r\u00f4le vital que joue le commerce dans le fa\u00e7onnement de la production, de la disponibilit\u00e9, du prix et de la qualit\u00e9 des produits alimentaires. Aucune d\u00e9marche en direction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me alimentaire plus \u00e9quitable et plus durable ne sera compl\u00e8te sans une action concert\u00e9e des dirigeants mondiaux autour du commerce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Traduit de l\u2019anglais par Martin Morel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Copyright: Project Syndicate, 2021.<\/strong>\u2028<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

www.project-syndicate.org<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Personne ne peut survivre sans s\u2019alimenter. Or, les syst\u00e8mes alimentaires mondiaux ont aujourd\u2019hui cruellement besoin d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9form\u00e9s. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11041,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-debats"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nCommerce et avenir de l\u2019alimentation - La Sentinelle<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/index.php\/2021\/10\/20\/commerce-et-avenir-de-lalimentation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Commerce et avenir de l\u2019alimentation - La Sentinelle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Par Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Personne ne peut survivre sans s\u2019alimenter. 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