Jos\u00e9 Manuel Barroso<\/strong>, un ancien pr\u00e9sident de la Commission europ\u00e9enne (2004-14) et premier ministre du Portugal (2002-04), est pr\u00e9sident de Gavi, l\u2019Alliance du vaccin.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nLa pand\u00e9mie de la COVID-19 nous a inculqu\u00e9 une pl\u00e9iade de dures le\u00e7ons. La plus importante \u00e9tant que les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de maladies infectieuses pr\u00e9sentent des risques non seulement \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 publique, mais aussi \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Comme la prolif\u00e9ration des armes nucl\u00e9aires, le terrorisme et les changements climatiques, lecovid-19 a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les pand\u00e9mies peuvent rapidement \u00e9branler l\u2019\u00e9quilibre social et le bien-\u00eatre \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cela rel\u00e8ve maintenant de l\u2019\u00e9vidence. Pourtant avant la crise ducovid-19, les maladies infectieuses apparaissaient en filigrane des pr\u00e9occupations internationales concernant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Pour qu\u2019aboutissent les efforts visant \u00e0 changer cet \u00e9tat des choses en mettant en place de nouveaux m\u00e9canismes de financement et de contr\u00f4les pour les plans de secours en cas de pand\u00e9mie, les demi-mesures ne suffiront pas \u00e0 la t\u00e2che. Pour \u00e9viter que l\u2019histoire ne se r\u00e9p\u00e8te, les pr\u00e9paratifs doivent \u00eatre le reflet de l\u2019ampleur r\u00e9elle du d\u00e9fi. Il nous faut d\u00e9sormais reconna\u00eetre que les pand\u00e9mies repr\u00e9sentent l\u2019une des plus graves menaces \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le monde et l\u2019une des plus probables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pour emp\u00eacher les pand\u00e9mies futures, il faudra non seulement investir au m\u00eame niveau que pour les autres menaces \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 mondiale, sur lesquelles des sommes pharaoniques sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement d\u00e9pens\u00e9es, mais adopter \u00e9galement une toute nouvelle orientation de pens\u00e9e sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le monde. La pand\u00e9mie repr\u00e9sente une nouvelle forme de crise mondiale, qui est caus\u00e9e et exacerb\u00e9e par les maillages de plus en plus serr\u00e9s du monde moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La pand\u00e9mie de la grippe espagnole il y a un si\u00e8cle \u00e9tait une crise de m\u00eame acabit. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, la plupart des gens vivaient dans des milieux ruraux beaucoup moins peupl\u00e9s et les voyages \u00e9taient bien plus lents et le fait d\u2019une infime minorit\u00e9. Nous avons assist\u00e9 \u00e0 une chose semblable en 2008-09, alors que les \u00e9conomies se sont effondr\u00e9es comme des dominos. Ce fut la premi\u00e8re crise mondiale du si\u00e8cle et nous en sommes encore \u00e0 essayer de comprendre la crise qui d\u00e9finira assur\u00e9ment ce si\u00e8cle : celle des changements climatiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans chaque cas, le d\u00e9nominateur commun est que la crise exige des solutions qu\u2019aucun \u00c9tat individuel ne peut amener de son propre chef. On ne peut lutter contre une maladie infectieuse au moyen de contre-mesures traditionnelles en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 comme des sanctions \u00e9conomiques, des \u00e9changes diplomatiques bilat\u00e9raux, des moyens dissuasifs ou des man\u0153uvres militaires. Il faut plut\u00f4t faire appel \u00e0 la collaboration scientifique, \u00e0 des r\u00e9seaux de sant\u00e9 capables d\u2019adaptation et \u00e0 des investissements \u00e0 long terme dans les r\u00e9seaux de sant\u00e9 mondiale. Il ne sert \u00e0 rien de d\u00e9montrer sa force et d\u2019intervenir unilat\u00e9ralement pour prot\u00e9ger son territoire national. La collaboration internationale, le multilat\u00e9ralisme strat\u00e9gique et la compassion transnationale sont les seuls instruments valables pour sortir de ce genre de catastrophes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si l\u2019on en juge la r\u00e9partition dans le monde des vaccins contre lecovid-19, la r\u00e9action n\u00e9cessaire se fait attendre. Le coronavirus gagne encore du terrain et le manque de coordination \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale en est la principale raison. Au lieu de trouver des modes de coop\u00e9ration vers des solutions communes \u00e0 une crise sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, les pays persistent \u00e0 mettre leur int\u00e9r\u00eat national en priorit\u00e9, aux d\u00e9pens de l\u2019intervention mondiale n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La solution mondiale au probl\u00e8me de r\u00e9partition des vaccins est la facilit\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e8s mondial aux vaccins covid-19 (COVAX) cr\u00e9\u00e9e l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re. En assurant un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable aux vaccins pour les habitants des pays les plus pauvres, non seulement COVAX sauve des millions de vies et en prot\u00e8ge des centaines de millions d\u2019autres\u2009; l\u2019organisme offre \u00e9galement le meilleur chemin vers la reprise. M\u00eame d\u2019un point de vue strictement \u00e9conomique, COVAX est beaucoup plus \u00e9conomique que toute forme de mesure de relance budg\u00e9taire ou mon\u00e9taire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Il y a maintenant plus de 1,5 milliard de doses de vaccins produites chaque mois \u2014 un incroyable exploit moins d\u2019un an apr\u00e8s l\u2019agr\u00e9ment du premier vaccin et \u00e0 peine 18 mois apr\u00e8s la pand\u00e9mie. On pr\u00e9voit que plus de 12 milliards de doses auront \u00e9t\u00e9 produites d\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. M\u00eame si cela suffit pour vacciner tous les adultes sur la plan\u00e8te, il y a loin de la coupe aux l\u00e8vres, car la r\u00e9partition est tellement in\u00e9quitable. Scandaleusement, ce n\u2019est que 3,1 % des personnes vaccinables des pays \u00e0 faible revenu qui ont re\u00e7u au moins une dose, en moyenne, compar\u00e9 \u00e0 plus de 71,1 % des personnes dans les pays \u00e0 revenu \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cette disparit\u00e9 est aussi immorale qu\u2019elle manque dangereusement de vision. En prolongeant la pand\u00e9mie et en laissant plus de possibilit\u00e9s au virus de produire de nouveaux variants, le monde entier en p\u00e2tit. Mais cet \u00e9chec ne pourra \u00eatre corrig\u00e9 tant que les \u00c9tats n\u2019agiront pas \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle internationale. M\u00eame si plus de 190 pays appuient COVAX, bon nombre de pays peinent \u00e0 trouver l\u2019\u00e9quilibre entre la protection de leur propre population et des interventions qui servent l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de tous en ce qui concerne la sant\u00e9 mondiale et la relance de l\u2019\u00e9conomie mondiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La mobilisation d\u2019un plan mondial d\u2019urgence est n\u00e9cessaire tant pour mettre fin \u00e0 cette crise que pour \u00e9viter la prochaine. La sant\u00e9 des gens n\u2019est pas la seule en jeu. Comme lecovid-19 l\u2019a prouv\u00e9, les pand\u00e9mies peuvent pousser des millions de personnes dans la pauvret\u00e9 et restreindre leur mobilit\u00e9 comme jamais auparavant. De telles conditions peuvent pervertir l\u2019\u00e9quilibre des pays les plus stables, en augmentant les menaces de polarisation politique, les troubles sociaux et la violence. Plus la crise perdure, plus grande est la menace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les crises mondiales obligent \u00e0 mondialiser les ressources essentielles \u2014 dans le cas qui nous concerne aujourd\u2019hui, les vaccins. Les \u00c9tats du G20 ont le pouvoir de montrer la voie en cessant de se constituer des r\u00e9serves pour leur seul bien propre et d\u2019interdire les exportations de vaccins qui ont entrav\u00e9 l\u2019approvisionnement et en effectuant plus de dons de doses \u00e0 COVAX. Mais aussi urgentes que puissent \u00eatre de telles mesures, elles sont avant tout des solutions de fortune \u2014 qui r\u00e8glent une crise faisant partie d\u2019une crise encore plus vaste. Pour \u00e9viter de r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les m\u00eames erreurs qu\u2019avec lecovid-19, des m\u00e9canismes de pr\u00e9paration pand\u00e9mique plus \u00e9tendus et fond\u00e9s sur le mod\u00e8le de la mise en commun des ressources \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale que COVAX a mis de l\u2019avant. On ne peut attendre que la prochaine \u00e9pid\u00e9mie devienne \u00e9galement une menace envers la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 mondiale. Car si jamais ce moment arrive, il sera d\u00e9j\u00e0 trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Traduit de l\u2019anglais par Pierre Castegnier<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nCopyright: Project Syndicate, 2021.<\/strong>\u2028<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nwww.project-syndicate.org<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Par Jos\u00e9 Manuel Barroso La pand\u00e9mie de la COVID-19 nous a inculqu\u00e9 une pl\u00e9iade de dures le\u00e7ons. La plus importante<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":12213,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-debats"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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