{"id":38113,"date":"2023-03-19T22:10:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-19T21:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/?p=38113"},"modified":"2023-03-19T20:40:04","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T19:40:04","slug":"la-bataille-fait-rage-entre-lue-et-la-chine-en-afrique-la-course-aux-terres-rares-lancee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/index.php\/2023\/03\/19\/la-bataille-fait-rage-entre-lue-et-la-chine-en-afrique-la-course-aux-terres-rares-lancee\/","title":{"rendered":"La bataille fait rage entre l\u2019UE et la Chine en Afrique\u00a0: La course aux terres rares lanc\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La comp\u00e9tition entre les Occidentaux et la Chine ne se pratique pas uniquement sur le terrain militaire, spatial ou technologique. Il concerne aussi le contr\u00f4le des terres rares et des \u00ab mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res critiques \u00bb, indispensables justement dans les industries de hautes technologies. T\u00e9l\u00e9phones, ordinateurs, voitures \u00e9lectriques : toutes ces technologies utilisent des terres rares, des m\u00e9taux qui sont au c\u0153ur de nos vies branch\u00e9es et de la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sur ce terrain, la Chine (qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 beaucoup de terres rares) a pris de l\u2019avance sur tous ses concurrents en s\u2019\u00e9tablissant dans de nombreux pays en Afrique, continent riche en terres rares. Ce n\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs pas un hasard si la France est press\u00e9e de conclure un partenariat avec l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie pour l\u2019exploration et la production de mat\u00e9riaux rares.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour rattraper son retard sur P\u00e9kin, Bruxelles vient de pr\u00e9senter une nouvelle feuille de route pour s\u00e9curiser l\u2019approvisionnement de ses 27 membres en ce qu\u2019ils appellent des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res critiques. Le but ? R\u00e9duire leur forte d\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis d\u2019une poign\u00e9e de pays, dont la Chine. Cette feuille de route d\u00e9voil\u00e9e jeudi 16 mars par la Commission europ\u00e9enne consiste \u00e0 proposer \u00e0 des pays riches en mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res critiques, en particulier en Afrique, des partenariats \u00ab gagnant-gagnant \u00bb ax\u00e9s sur le raffinage local de ces mati\u00e8res indispensables aux transitions \u00e9cologique et num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concr\u00e8tement, l\u2019UE pr\u00e9voit de cr\u00e9er une sorte de \u2018\u2019Club des CRM\u2019\u2019qui \u00ab r\u00e9unira les pays consommateurs et les pays riches en ressources afin d\u2019encourager les investissements durables dans les pays producteurs et de leur permettre de remonter la cha\u00eene de valeur\u2009\u00bb. Ce document consult\u00e9 par Euractiv, un portail d\u2019information sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les affaires europ\u00e9ennes, pr\u00e9cise que l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat porte sur l\u2019encouragement du raffinage et de la transformation des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res critiques comme le cobalt, le lithium, le nickel, le tungst\u00e8ne ou encore les terres rares dans les pays producteurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u2019autre part, rapporte la presse europ\u00e9enne, l\u2019UE proposera \u00e0 ses partenaires commerciaux comme les \u00c9tats-Unis ou le Canada d\u2019entrer dans ce qu\u2019elle appelle le \u00ab club des investisseurs \u00bb. Outre les partenariats avec les pays producteurs, la nouvelle feuille de route pr\u00e9voit l\u2019extraction de 10% des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res critiques au sein de l\u2019UE d\u2019ici 2030 contre 3% actuellement, ainsi que\u2009la transformation et le raffinage de 40% ces mat\u00e9riaux dans l\u2019espace europ\u00e9en contre 0 \u00e0 20% aujourd\u2019hui. Les objectifs de recyclage ont \u00e9t\u00e9 par ailleurs fix\u00e9s \u00e0 15% du total des besoins des 27, qui souhaitent d\u00e9sormais ne pas d\u00e9pendre d\u2019un pays tiers unique pour plus de 65% de leur consommation annuelle de chacune des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res critiques. L\u2019objectif est de \u00ab garantir un approvisionnement s\u00fbr, diversifi\u00e9, abordable et durable \u00bb afin de \u00ab r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance actuelle de l\u2019UE \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard d\u2019un seul ou de quelques pays \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mais attendant que l\u2019UE mette en place sa feuille de route, la Chine demeure incontournable. Pour acqu\u00e9rir des terres rares, il faut obligatoirement passer commande aupr\u00e8s de la Chine, qui poss\u00e8de les plus grosses r\u00e9serves du monde. Quelque 44 millions de tonnes d\u2019oxydes de terres rares se trouveraient dans son sous-sol. Et, avec 61 % de la production, la Chine continue de dominer de mani\u00e8re \u00e9crasante le march\u00e9 mondial. D\u2019autant qu\u2019il faut y ajouter une partie de la production birmane, que la Chine acquiert et raffine, selon une enqu\u00eate de Global Witness publi\u00e9e en ao\u00fbt dernier. Dans le contexte de la course aux nouvelles \u00e9nergies, nombre de pays esp\u00e8rent aujourd\u2019hui, comme l\u2019UE, s\u2019affranchir de cette d\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis du g\u00e9ant chinois. C\u2019est la raison pour laquelle l\u2019Afrique devient objet de toutes les convoitises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Khider Larbi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La comp\u00e9tition entre les Occidentaux et la Chine ne se pratique pas uniquement sur le terrain militaire, spatial ou technologique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":38133,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[52,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-economie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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