{"id":64243,"date":"2025-03-12T11:15:17","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T10:15:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/?p=64243"},"modified":"2025-03-12T11:15:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T10:15:18","slug":"le-gecf-table-sur-une-hausse-de-la-demande-de-gaz-de-32-dici-a-2050","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/index.php\/2025\/03\/12\/le-gecf-table-sur-une-hausse-de-la-demande-de-gaz-de-32-dici-a-2050\/","title":{"rendered":"Le GECF table sur une hausse de la demande de gaz de 32% d&rsquo;ici \u00e0 2050"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Dans un contexte mondial marqu\u00e9 par une profonde transformation d\u00e9mographique et \u00e9conomique, le gaz naturel s&rsquo;impose comme une composante essentielle du mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique futur, selon le dernier rapport \u00ab\u00a0Global Gas Outlook 2050\u00a0\u00bb du GECF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D&rsquo;ici 2050, la demande mondiale de gaz naturel devrait augmenter de 32%, passant de 4.018 milliards de m\u00e8tres cubes (bcm) en 2023 \u00e0 5.317 bcm, sans atteindre de pic pr\u00e9visible. Cette croissance soutenue refl\u00e8te le r\u00f4le strat\u00e9gique du gaz dans la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique mondiale, particuli\u00e8rement dans les \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes d&rsquo;Asie-Pacifique, du Moyen-Orient et d&rsquo;Afrique. Le gaz naturel, qui repr\u00e9sentait 23% du mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique mondial en 2023, devrait voir sa part s&rsquo;\u00e9lever \u00e0 26% d&rsquo;ici 2050, d\u00e9passant le charbon pour devenir la deuxi\u00e8me source d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie mondiale d\u00e8s la fin des ann\u00e9es 2030. Le secteur de la production d&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 constituera le principal moteur de cette expansion, ajoutant 475 bcm pour atteindre 1.866 bcm en 2050, tandis que la demande industrielle progressera de 238 bcm pour s&rsquo;\u00e9tablir \u00e0 1.095 bcm. Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne notable, la production d&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne bleu \u00e9mergera comme un nouveau vecteur de demande significatif, consommant plus de 480 bcm de gaz naturel d&rsquo;ici le milieu du si\u00e8cle. Ce repositionnement du gaz naturel dans la cha\u00eene de valeur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, passant progressivement d&rsquo;une consommation directe vers des secteurs de transformation comme la production d&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne, confirme son r\u00f4le d&rsquo;appui aux syst\u00e8mes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques plus propres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L&rsquo;Afrique doublera sa consommation de gaz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sur le plan g\u00e9ographique, l&rsquo;Asie-Pacifique s&rsquo;appr\u00eate \u00e0 d\u00e9passer l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord comme principale r\u00e9gion consommatrice de gaz naturel dans cette d\u00e9cennie, avec une augmentation de 710 bcm d&rsquo;ici 2050, repr\u00e9sentant 55% de la croissance nette mondiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le Moyen-Orient suivra cette tendance avec une hausse de 24% de la demande mondiale, tandis que l&rsquo;Afrique conna\u00eetra la plus forte croissance relative (+126%), doublant sa consommation pour atteindre 385 bcm. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, l&rsquo;Europe verra sa demande diminuer de 154 bcm pour s&rsquo;\u00e9tablir \u00e0 309 bcm, reflet de ses politiques \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et d&rsquo;une d\u00e9sindustrialisation progressive. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l&rsquo;offre, un changement structurel majeur s&rsquo;op\u00e8re avec un d\u00e9placement du centre de gravit\u00e9 de la production vers le Moyen-Orient, l&rsquo;Eurasie et l&rsquo;Afrique, qui devraient collectivement contribuer \u00e0 87% de l&rsquo;expansion mondiale de l&rsquo;approvisionnement en gaz. Cette \u00e9volution s&rsquo;accompagne d&rsquo;une transformation du commerce international du gaz, dont les volumes devraient augmenter de 44% pour atteindre 1.743 bcm en 2050, soit un tiers de la demande mondiale. Le GNL dominera ces \u00e9changes, avec des volumes qui doubleront pour atteindre 800 millions de tonnes, repr\u00e9sentant 63% du gaz \u00e9chang\u00e9. L&rsquo;Asie-Pacifique s&rsquo;imposera comme le march\u00e9 d&rsquo;importation de GNL pr\u00e9dominant, absorbant 76% des volumes mondiaux d&rsquo;ici 2050, tandis que l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord, le Moyen-Orient et l&rsquo;Afrique \u00e9mergeront comme les principaux fournisseurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>11,1 billions de dollars<\/strong><strong> d&rsquo;investissements n\u00e9cessaires<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces transformations n\u00e9cessiteront des investissements massifs, estim\u00e9s \u00e0 11,1 billions de dollars d&rsquo;ici 2050, dont 94% seront allou\u00e9s aux activit\u00e9s upstream et 6% aux infrastructures midstream. L&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord et l&rsquo;Asie-Pacifique devraient mener ces investissements upstream, tandis que l&rsquo;Asie-Pacifique dominera les d\u00e9penses d&rsquo;infrastructures midstream, particuli\u00e8rement pour les capacit\u00e9s de regaz\u00e9ification. Dans une perspective de d\u00e9veloppement durable, le rapport souligne que le gaz naturel, combin\u00e9 aux technologies avanc\u00e9es de d\u00e9carbonation comme le captage, l&rsquo;utilisation et le stockage du carbone (CCUS), offre une voie viable pour des transitions \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques \u00e9quilibr\u00e9es. Selon le sc\u00e9nario d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie durable (SES), la demande de gaz naturel pourrait m\u00eame cro\u00eetre de 49% pour atteindre 5.997 bcm d&rsquo;ici 2050, faisant du gaz la source d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie dominante dans le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique mondial avec une part de 28%. Ce sc\u00e9nario pr\u00e9voit \u00e9galement une r\u00e9duction plus importante des \u00e9missions de CO2, atteignant 34% contre 23% dans le sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, gr\u00e2ce notamment \u00e0 une contribution significative du CCUS bas\u00e9 sur le gaz naturel. Ces projections confirment le r\u00f4le pivot du gaz naturel dans la r\u00e9alisation des objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable des Nations Unies, en particulier l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s universel \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie et la r\u00e9duction de l&#8217;empreinte environnementale du syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, tout en garantissant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;accessibilit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques dans un paysage en transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Samira Ghrib<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans un contexte mondial marqu\u00e9 par une profonde transformation d\u00e9mographique et \u00e9conomique, le gaz naturel s&rsquo;impose comme une composante essentielle<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":37081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"default","_twitter_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type":"default","_pinterest_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"default","_medium_share_type":"default","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[52,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-economie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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