{"id":68985,"date":"2025-06-17T12:14:03","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T11:14:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/?p=68985"},"modified":"2025-06-17T12:14:04","modified_gmt":"2025-06-17T11:14:04","slug":"vers-un-choc-petrolier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/index.php\/2025\/06\/17\/vers-un-choc-petrolier\/","title":{"rendered":"Vers un choc p\u00e9trolier ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>L&rsquo;escalade du conflit entre au Moyen-Orient fait planer le spectre d&rsquo;un nouveau choc p\u00e9trolier sur les march\u00e9s mondiaux. Alors que les prix du brut ont bondi de 13% vendredi lors des premi\u00e8res attaques isra\u00e9liennes contre l\u2019Iran, les analystes et les banques centrales s&rsquo;alarment des cons\u00e9quences potentielles sur l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie mondiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le pr\u00e9sident de la Banque f\u00e9d\u00e9rale d&rsquo;Allemagne, Joachim Nagel, a mis en garde lundi contre les risques d&rsquo;un choc p\u00e9trolier li\u00e9 au conflit, invitant \u00e0 ne pas rel\u00e2cher la politique mon\u00e9taire en zone euro, malgr\u00e9 une inflation revenue \u00e0 2%. Les cons\u00e9quences des attaques qui se sont intensifi\u00e9es ce week-end, \u00ab\u00a0restent incertaines\u00a0\u00bb alors qu&rsquo;un conflit prolong\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0pourrait provoquer une forte hausse du p\u00e9trole\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0bouleverser nos pr\u00e9visions\u00a0\u00bb d&rsquo;inflation et de croissance, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Nagel dans un discours prononc\u00e9 \u00e0 Francfort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette mise en garde de la Bundesbank intervient dans un contexte particuli\u00e8rement sensible pour la politique mon\u00e9taire europ\u00e9enne. Les risques accrus qui planent en cas d&rsquo;escalade durable au Moyen-Orient, s&rsquo;ajoutant aux tensions commerciales pas encore r\u00e9solues avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, rendent \u00ab\u00a0imp\u00e9ratif\u00a0\u00bb pour la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne de rester \u00ab\u00a0flexible\u00a0\u00bb, sans s&rsquo;engager \u00ab\u00a0ni sur une nouvelle baisse des taux, ni sur une pause prolong\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb, selon M. Nagel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les march\u00e9s financiers surveillent avec attention l&rsquo;\u00e9volution du conflit. Lundi matin, les cours de l&rsquo;or noir reculaient l\u00e9g\u00e8rement malgr\u00e9 l&rsquo;intensification du conflit, les frappes isra\u00e9liennes n&rsquo;ayant pas encore ralenti les exportations de p\u00e9trole de T\u00e9h\u00e9ran et les \u00c9tats-Unis n&rsquo;\u00e9tant pour l&rsquo;instant pas directement intervenus. Le prix du baril de Brent de la mer du Nord, pour livraison en ao\u00fbt, perdait 0,93% \u00e0 73,54 dollars, tandis que son \u00e9quivalent am\u00e9ricain, le baril de West Texas Intermediate, pour livraison en juillet, reculait de 0,86% \u00e0 72,35 dollars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette relative stabilit\u00e9 s&rsquo;explique en partie par les d\u00e9clarations du pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Donald Trump, qui a appel\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0trouver un accord\u00a0\u00bb, ajoutant qu&rsquo;il \u00e9tait \u00ab\u00a0possible\u00a0\u00bb que les \u00c9tats-Unis s&rsquo;impliquent dans le conflit, mais qu&rsquo;ils ne l&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 cet instant\u00a0\u00bb. Pour Janiv Shah, analyste chez Rystad Energy, \u00ab\u00a0les \u00c9tats-Unis ont le pouvoir et la volont\u00e9 de contenir la situation\u00a0\u00bb. Le fait que le conflit ne se soit pas encore \u00e9largi \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres pays favorise \u00e9galement l&rsquo;attentisme du march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cependant, la situation reste extr\u00eamement volatile. Une attaque de drone isra\u00e9lien contre une raffinerie strat\u00e9gique en Iran, le champ gazier de South Pars-North Dome, a provoqu\u00e9 samedi une \u00ab\u00a0puissante explosion\u00a0\u00bb et un incendie sur le site, dans le sud du pays. Cet immense champ, partag\u00e9 avec le Qatar, constitue la plus grande r\u00e9serve de gaz connue au monde et fournit environ 70% du gaz naturel consomm\u00e9 en Iran. Le ministre iranien des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Abbas Araghchi a estim\u00e9 dimanche que cette attaque visait \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9largir la guerre au-del\u00e0\u00a0\u00bb de l&rsquo;Iran, ajoutant que toute activit\u00e9 militaire dans le Golfe \u00ab\u00a0pourrait impliquer toute la r\u00e9gion, voire le monde entier\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Un baril \u00e0 130 dollars !<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les projections des grandes banques d&rsquo;investissement illustrent l&rsquo;ampleur des risques pesant sur les march\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques. JP Morgan maintient ses pr\u00e9visions de base pour 2025, projetant que le Brent \u00e9voluera dans la fourchette basse \u00e0 moyenne des 60 dollars, avec une moyenne de 60 dollars en 2026. Cependant, la banque signale une fourchette potentielle de 120 \u00e0 130 dollars par baril en cas de sc\u00e9narios catastrophes, notamment en cas de conflit militaire et de fermeture du d\u00e9troit d&rsquo;Ormuz, par lequel transite un cinqui\u00e8me des flux p\u00e9troliers mondiaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les analystes de Goldman Sachs vont plus loin en avertissant qu&rsquo;une fermeture du d\u00e9troit d&rsquo;Ormuz pourrait pousser les prix du p\u00e9trole au-dessus de 100 dollars par baril. Cette crainte est d&rsquo;autant plus justifi\u00e9e que l&rsquo;Iran envisagerait de fermer ce passage crucial, selon des rapports de CNBC. Les prix du p\u00e9trole ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 bondi d&rsquo;environ 13% vendredi, enregistrant le plus important gain quotidien depuis les premiers jours du conflit en Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Warren Patterson, responsable de la strat\u00e9gie mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res chez ING, estime que l&rsquo;Iran, qui produit 3,3 millions de barils par jour et exporte environ 1,7 million de barils quotidiennement, repr\u00e9sente un risque significatif pour l&rsquo;approvisionnement mondial. Dans un sc\u00e9nario d&rsquo;escalade, une disruption des approvisionnements iraniens pourrait faire passer le march\u00e9 p\u00e9trolier d&rsquo;un exc\u00e9dent \u00e0 un d\u00e9ficit au second semestre de cette ann\u00e9e. Cela pourrait faire grimper le Brent \u00e0 80 dollars le baril, bien que les prix se stabiliseraient probablement autour de 75 dollars, selon l&rsquo;analyste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le risque le plus grave concerne une perturbation des flux commerciaux \u00e0 travers le d\u00e9troit d&rsquo;Ormuz, par lequel transite pr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un tiers du commerce p\u00e9trolier maritime mondial. Bien qu&rsquo;une partie des flux p\u00e9troliers puisse \u00eatre d\u00e9tourn\u00e9e pour \u00e9viter le d\u00e9troit, cela laisserait encore environ 14 millions de barils par jour d&rsquo;approvisionnement en p\u00e9trole \u00e0 risque. Une perturbation significative de ces flux serait suffisante pour pousser les prix \u00e0 120 dollars le baril. Si les perturbations persistent vers la fin de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e, le Brent pourrait atteindre de nouveaux records historiques, d\u00e9passant le pic de pr\u00e8s de 150 dollars le baril enregistr\u00e9 en 2008, ajoute-il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Samira Ghrib<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;escalade du conflit entre au Moyen-Orient fait planer le spectre d&rsquo;un nouveau choc p\u00e9trolier sur les march\u00e9s mondiaux. Alors que<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":32503,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"default","_twitter_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type":"default","_pinterest_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"default","_medium_share_type":"default","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[52,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-economie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vers un choc p\u00e9trolier ? - La Sentinelle<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/index.php\/2025\/06\/17\/vers-un-choc-petrolier\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vers un choc p\u00e9trolier ? - La Sentinelle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L&rsquo;escalade du conflit entre au Moyen-Orient fait planer le spectre d&rsquo;un nouveau choc p\u00e9trolier sur les march\u00e9s mondiaux. 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