{"id":69923,"date":"2025-07-07T12:56:33","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T11:56:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/?p=69923"},"modified":"2025-07-07T12:56:33","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T11:56:33","slug":"fmi-les-brics-presentent-une-proposition-unifiee-de-reforme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/index.php\/2025\/07\/07\/fmi-les-brics-presentent-une-proposition-unifiee-de-reforme\/","title":{"rendered":"FMI\u00a0:\u00a0Les BRICS\u00a0pr\u00e9sentent\u00a0une proposition unifi\u00e9e de r\u00e9forme\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Les ministres des Finances des pays membres des BRICS ont&nbsp;adopt\u00e9 samedi&nbsp;une position commune sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent pour r\u00e9former en profondeur le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international, marquant ainsi une offensive diplomatique coordonn\u00e9e contre l&rsquo;h\u00e9g\u00e9monie occidentale sur les institutions financi\u00e8res mondiales. Cette d\u00e9claration conjointe, issue des r\u00e9unions minist\u00e9rielles de Rio de Janeiro, constitue la premi\u00e8re initiative unifi\u00e9e du groupe des \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes visant \u00e0 restructurer radicalement le syst\u00e8me de gouvernance du FMI, notamment en r\u00e9clamant une redistribution des quotes-parts et des droits de vote pour mieux refl\u00e9ter les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques contemporaines. L&rsquo;enjeu principal de cette mobilisation concerne la r\u00e9union de r\u00e9vision des quotes-parts du FMI pr\u00e9vue en d\u00e9cembre prochain, o\u00f9 sera d\u00e9battue une refonte du syst\u00e8me qui d\u00e9termine les contributions financi\u00e8res et l&rsquo;influence politique de chaque \u00c9tat membre au sein de l&rsquo;institution de Bretton Woods. Les ministres des Finances ont explicitement demand\u00e9 que la restructuration des quotes-parts refl\u00e8te le poids relatif des membres dans l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie mondiale contemporaine, tout en pr\u00e9servant les int\u00e9r\u00eats des pays \u00e0 faible revenu, une position qui traduirait un r\u00e9\u00e9quilibrage significatif au profit des \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes et en d\u00e9veloppement. Cette revendication s&rsquo;accompagne d&rsquo;une proposition technique pr\u00e9cise \u00e9labor\u00e9e par les experts du groupe, qui pr\u00e9voit une nouvelle formule de calcul int\u00e9grant le produit int\u00e9rieur brut, la parit\u00e9 de pouvoir d&rsquo;achat et la valeur relative des devises nationales, comme l&rsquo;a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 un responsable br\u00e9silien impliqu\u00e9 dans les n\u00e9gociations. Cette approche m\u00e9thodologique vise \u00e0 garantir une repr\u00e9sentation plus \u00e9quitable des \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes dont le dynamisme \u00e9conomique n&rsquo;est pas suffisamment pris en compte par les m\u00e9canismes actuels de pond\u00e9ration. Au-del\u00e0 des aspects techniques, les BRICS s&rsquo;attaquent frontalement \u00e0 l&rsquo;un des symboles les plus embl\u00e9matiques de la domination occidentale sur l&rsquo;architecture financi\u00e8re internationale en r\u00e9clamant la fin du monopole europ\u00e9en sur la pr\u00e9sidence du FMI. Cette tradition non \u00e9crite, h\u00e9rit\u00e9e des accords de Bretton Woods de 1944, constitue ce que les ministres qualifient de \u00ab\u00a0gentleman&rsquo;s agreement\u00a0\u00bb obsol\u00e8te qui confie syst\u00e9matiquement la direction du FMI \u00e0 un Europ\u00e9en et celle de la Banque mondiale \u00e0 un Am\u00e9ricain, une pratique jug\u00e9e anachronique dans le contexte g\u00e9opolitique actuel. La d\u00e9claration insiste sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer la repr\u00e9sentation r\u00e9gionale au sein de la direction du FMI, tout en respectant un processus de s\u00e9lection fond\u00e9 sur le m\u00e9rite, une formulation diplomatique qui masque difficilement la volont\u00e9 des pays \u00e9mergents d&rsquo;acc\u00e9der aux postes de direction des institutions financi\u00e8res internationales. Les discussions minist\u00e9rielles de Rio de Janeiro pr\u00e9parent \u00e9galement le terrain pour le prochain sommet des dirigeants des BRICS, qui se tiendra dans la m\u00e9tropole br\u00e9silienne avec l&rsquo;ambition affich\u00e9e de parler d&rsquo;une seule voix au nom des pays en d\u00e9veloppement et d&rsquo;impulser une refonte de l&rsquo;ordre \u00e9conomique international. Cette strat\u00e9gie s&rsquo;accompagne d&rsquo;initiatives concr\u00e8tes visant \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des alternatives aux m\u00e9canismes financiers occidentaux, notamment \u00e0 travers les discussions en cours sur la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;un m\u00e9canisme de garantie adoss\u00e9 \u00e0 la Banque nationale de d\u00e9veloppement des BRICS, destin\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts d&#8217;emprunt et \u00e0 stimuler les investissements dans les \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes, comme l&rsquo;avait r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 Reuters en milieu de semaine. Cette initiative financi\u00e8re s&rsquo;inscrit dans une d\u00e9marche plus large de diversification des sources de financement pour les pays en d\u00e9veloppement, qui cherchent \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leur d\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis des institutions domin\u00e9es par les pays occidentaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sabrina Aziouez<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les ministres des Finances des pays membres des BRICS ont&nbsp;adopt\u00e9 samedi&nbsp;une position commune sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent pour r\u00e9former en profondeur le<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7657,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"default","_twitter_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type":"default","_pinterest_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"default","_medium_share_type":"default","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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