{"id":74233,"date":"2025-10-05T13:34:23","date_gmt":"2025-10-05T12:34:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/?p=74233"},"modified":"2025-10-05T13:34:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-05T12:34:25","slug":"reforme-fiscale-en-algerie-les-recommandations-du-fmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lasentinelle.dz\/index.php\/2025\/10\/05\/reforme-fiscale-en-algerie-les-recommandations-du-fmi\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9forme fiscale en Alg\u00e9rie\u00a0: Les recommandations du FMI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international identifie un potentiel inexploit\u00e9 de 2 \u00e0 4% du PIB dans la fiscalit\u00e9 non-hydrocarbures et trace une feuille de route ambitieuse pour diversifier les revenus budg\u00e9taires du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie dispose d&rsquo;une marge de man\u0153uvre consid\u00e9rable pour renforcer ses recettes fiscales domestiques, r\u00e9v\u00e8le une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente du Fonds mon\u00e9taire international (FMI). Selon ce rapport publi\u00e9 en octobre 2025 et pr\u00e9par\u00e9 par l&rsquo;\u00e9conomiste du Fonds Charles Vellutini, le pays pourrait augmenter ses revenus fiscaux non-hydrocarbures de 2 \u00e0 4 points de pourcentage du PIB en r\u00e9formant son syst\u00e8me fiscal et en \u00e9largissant l&rsquo;assiette d&rsquo;imposition. L&rsquo;analyse du FMI, bas\u00e9e sur une m\u00e9thodologie de benchmarking international comparant 163 pays, \u00e9tablit que le potentiel fiscal non-hydrocarbures de l&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie s&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 13,5% du PIB, contre 10,3% actuellement collect\u00e9s. \u00ab\u00a0Ce gap fiscal significatif souligne un potentiel substantiel inexploit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, indique le rapport, qui pr\u00e9cise que m\u00eame en tenant compte de la structure \u00e9conomique domin\u00e9e par les hydrocarbures, le potentiel minimal reste d&rsquo;environ 2% du PIB. Cette marge de progression intervient dans un contexte o\u00f9 les recettes p\u00e9troli\u00e8res et gazi\u00e8res, bien qu&rsquo;elles repr\u00e9sentent 67% des revenus totaux du gouvernement depuis 2020, demeurent hautement volatiles et d\u00e9pendantes des prix internationaux. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, les recettes fiscales non-hydrocarbures, stagnant autour de 10% du PIB depuis deux d\u00e9cennies, offrent une stabilit\u00e9 pr\u00e9cieuse pour les finances publiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Des r\u00e9formes cibl\u00e9es sur les taxes cl\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le FMI identifie plusieurs leviers prioritaires pour d\u00e9bloquer ce potentiel. La taxe sur la valeur ajout\u00e9e (TVA) appara\u00eet comme le premier gisement de recettes. Avec un rendement de seulement 3,3% du PIB entre 2018 et 2024, contre 6,5% dans les pays \u00e9mergents non-exportateurs de p\u00e9trole, la TVA souffre d&rsquo;une \u00ab\u00a0efficacit\u00e9 C\u00a0\u00bb de 27% en 2024, bien en de\u00e7\u00e0 des 59% observ\u00e9s ailleurs. L&rsquo;institution recommande une rationalisation des exemptions et des taux r\u00e9duits, qui pourrait g\u00e9n\u00e9rer \u00e0 elle seule 0,75% du PIB suppl\u00e9mentaire. L&rsquo;imp\u00f4t sur les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s (IS), qui ne rapporte que 1,8% du PIB compar\u00e9 \u00e0 3,4% dans les \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes similaires, constitue un autre axe d&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration. Le rapport pr\u00e9conise une simplification de la structure des taux actuellement \u00e9chelonn\u00e9s entre 19%, 23% et 26% selon les secteurs, ainsi qu&rsquo;une rationalisation des multiples incitations fiscales introduites par le Code de l&rsquo;investissement de 2022. Au-del\u00e0 de ces deux piliers, le FMI identifie des opportunit\u00e9s dans les taxes d&rsquo;accise (actuellement 0,9% du PIB contre 2,2% dans les pays comparables), la taxe fonci\u00e8re jug\u00e9e sous-exploit\u00e9e malgr\u00e9 un potentiel estim\u00e9 \u00e0 plus de 1% du PIB, et le r\u00e9gime fiscal minier. Ce dernier, avec des recettes actuelles de seulement 0,02% du PIB, pourrait b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me de redevances progressif bas\u00e9 sur les profits pour attirer les investisseurs priv\u00e9s tout en captant une part \u00e9quitable des revenus en p\u00e9riode de hausse des prix des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;administration fiscale n&rsquo;est pas oubli\u00e9e. Le rapport salue les efforts de digitalisation entrepris et souligne qu&rsquo;environ 1.500 milliards de dinars d&rsquo;arri\u00e9r\u00e9s fiscaux (4,4% du PIB de 2024) sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme recouvrables, avec un potentiel annuel de recouvrement de 200 milliards de dinars (0,6% du PIB). Le FMI recommande \u00e9galement la r\u00e9alisation d&rsquo;un diagnostic TADAT (Tax Administration Diagnostic Assessment Tool) pour identifier les priorit\u00e9s de r\u00e9forme administrative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Une approche progressive et structur\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conscient que la stabilit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me fiscal importe autant que sa r\u00e9forme, le FMI propose une hi\u00e9rarchisation des actions. Les am\u00e9liorations de la TVA, de la fiscalit\u00e9 mini\u00e8re et des taxes d&rsquo;accise peuvent \u00eatre engag\u00e9es \u00e0 court terme, tout comme la poursuite du recouvrement des arri\u00e9r\u00e9s d\u00e9j\u00e0 en cours. En revanche, les r\u00e9formes de l&rsquo;IS et de l&rsquo;imp\u00f4t sur le revenu des personnes physiques, r\u00e9cemment modifi\u00e9s respectivement en 2022, devraient \u00eatre report\u00e9es \u00e0 moyen terme pour pr\u00e9server la pr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 du cadre fiscal. L&rsquo;institution pr\u00e9conise l&rsquo;adoption d&rsquo;une Strat\u00e9gie de mobilisation des revenus \u00e0 moyen terme (MTRS), un cadre sur 4 \u00e0 6 ans d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9 dans 24 pays dont l&rsquo;\u00c9gypte. Cette approche permettrait de coordonner les r\u00e9formes de politique fiscale, d&rsquo;administration et de cadre juridique, tout en fixant des objectifs quantifi\u00e9s et en assurant un engagement politique soutenu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le rapport souligne enfin que des r\u00e9formes structurelles compl\u00e9mentaires renforceront l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des mesures fiscales : l&rsquo;\u00e9largissement de l&rsquo;inclusion financi\u00e8re, la limitation de l&rsquo;usage des esp\u00e8ces, la lutte contre la corruption dans l&rsquo;administration fiscale et la r\u00e9duction de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie informelle, estim\u00e9e \u00e0 32% du PIB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En diversifiant ses sources de revenus et en r\u00e9duisant sa d\u00e9pendance aux hydrocarbures, l&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie pourrait ainsi renforcer la r\u00e9silience de ses finances publiques et soutenir une consolidation budg\u00e9taire durable, conclut le FMI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sabrina Aziouez<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international identifie un potentiel inexploit\u00e9 de 2 \u00e0 4% du PIB dans la fiscalit\u00e9 non-hydrocarbures et trace<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":69725,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"default","_twitter_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type":"default","_pinterest_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"default","_medium_share_type":"default","_threads_share_type":"default","_google_business_share_type":"default","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[52,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-economie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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